444 / UNS S44400 / EN 1.4521 / DIN X2CrMoTi18-2 / JIS SUS444 es un acero inoxidable ferrítico estabilizado con titanio y molibdeno, sin níquel, que combina una resistencia a la corrosión equivalente a la del grado 316L con un coeficiente de dilatación térmica más bajo y conductividad térmica superior. SHUNFU METAL suministra este grado en barra, forja, chapa y tubo con certificación ISO 9001 y trazabilidad completa de colada.

Introducción al acero inoxidable 444 / 1.4521

Barra redonda forjada de acero inoxidable 444 suministrada por SHUNFU METAL
Barra redonda forjada 444
SHUNFU METAL

El grado 444 es el ferrítico de alto rendimiento por excelencia dentro de la familia de aceros inoxidables. Su aleación de ~18 % Cr + ~2 % Mo, estabilizada con titanio, le otorga un PREN de 25, resistencia a la corrosión por picadura y por tensión comparables al 316L, y una notable inmunidad a la fisuración bajo tensión en presencia de cloruros. Al carecer de níquel, su precio es más estable y predecible que el de los grados austeníticos.

En SHUNFU METAL, el 444 / 1.4521 se funde en horno de arco eléctrico con refinado AOD y desgasificación en vacío para garantizar C ≤ 0,025 % y N ≤ 0,030 %. El control de titanio en proceso mediante espectrometría OES asegura la estabilización completa de los carburos. El material se certifica bajo EN 10204 3.1.

Equivalencias internacionales del grado 444 / S44400

Tabla 1 — Equivalencias del acero inoxidable 444 en normas internacionales
Norma Designación País / Región Documento de referencia
ASTM / UNS 444 / S44400 EE. UU. ASTM A240 / A268
EN / DIN X2CrMoTi18-2 / 1.4521 Europa EN 10088-2, EN 10088-3, EN 10028-7
JIS SUS444 Japón JIS G4304 / G4317
GB/T 00Cr18Mo2 / 019Cr19Mo2NbTi China GB/T 3280 / GB/T 1220
NF (Francia) Z3CDT18-02 Francia NF A35-572
SS (Suecia) 2326 Suecia SS-EN 10088
UNE (España) F3123 España UNE 36016

Usos del 444 en la industria: componentes y piezas

Agua caliente y fontanería

  • Depósitos de acumulación de ACS
  • Tuberías de distribución de agua caliente
  • Colectores solares
  • Cilindros de calentadores eléctricos
  • Válvulas y racores de fontanería

Intercambiadores de calor

  • Tubos de haz tubular
  • Placas de intercambiadores compactos
  • Condensadores industriales
  • Economizadores de caldera
  • Enfriadores de aceite

Automoción

  • Sistemas de escape de alta temperatura
  • Tubos de escape de vehículos pesados
  • Convertidores catalíticos
  • Escudos térmicos de motor

Industria alimentaria y química

  • Depósitos de almacenamiento de bebidas
  • Equipos de pasteurización
  • Reactores en entornos de cloruros moderados
  • Tuberías de proceso en industria láctea

Arquitectura y construcción

  • Revestimiento de fachadas costeras
  • Cubiertas y canales pluviales
  • Conductos de ventilación industrial
  • Paneles de piscinas y spa

Chimeneas y sistemas de humos

  • Conductos de chimenea para gas y biomasa
  • Deflectores anticondensación
  • Colectores de gases de combustión
  • Forros interiores de chimenea

Suministro 444 por SHUNFU METAL: formas y dimensiones

SHUNFU METAL produce y exporta el acero inoxidable 444 / 1.4521 en las siguientes formas, con capacidad de corte a medida y marcado por electrólisis para trazabilidad:

Tabla 2 — Formas de suministro y rangos dimensionales del 444 / 1.4521
Forma Rango dimensional Longitud estándar Tolerancia / Norma
Barra redonda laminada Ø 5 – 250 mm 3 000 – 8 000 mm EN 10088-3 / h11
Barra plana laminada Ancho 10 – 200 mm × Esp. 3 – 80 mm 3 000 – 6 000 mm EN 10058
Barra redonda forjada Ø 80 – 800 mm 500 – 6 000 mm EN 10243-1
Pieza plana forjada Ancho 100 – 1 000 mm × Esp. 20 – 300 mm 500 – 4 000 mm EN 10243-1
Chapa / Placa Esp. 1,5 – 80 mm 1 000×2 000 – 2 500×8 000 mm EN 10088-2 / EN 10028-7
Tubo sin costura / soldado DN 6 – 600 mm / Pared 1 – 50 mm hasta 12 000 mm ASTM A268 / EN 10217-7

Forjado, laminado, trefilado y recocido brillante (BA) disponibles. Embalaje en madera fumigada ISPM-15 para exportación.

Composición química del acero 444 / S44400 / 1.4521

Tabla 3 — Composición química según ASTM A240 (S44400) y EN 10088-2 (1.4521) (% en masa)
Elemento ASTM A240 (S44400) EN 10088-2 (1.4521) JIS G4304 (SUS444) Función
C ≤ 0,030 ≤ 0,025 ≤ 0,025 Muy bajo; evita sensibilización
Si ≤ 1,00 ≤ 1,00 ≤ 1,00 Resistencia a la oxidación
Mn ≤ 0,50 ≤ 1,00 ≤ 1,00 Desoxidación
Cr 17,5 – 19,5 17,0 – 20,0 17,0 – 20,0 Capa pasiva y resistencia a la corrosión
Mo 1,75 – 2,50 1,80 – 2,50 1,75 – 2,50 Aumenta PREN; resistencia a picaduras
Ti ≥ 0,20 + 4×(C+N) máx. 0,80 0,15 – 0,80 0,20 + 4×(C+N) máx. 0,80 Estabilizador; fija carbono y nitrógeno
N ≤ 0,035 ≤ 0,030 ≤ 0,025 Muy bajo; previene nitruración en soldadura
P / S ≤ 0,040 / ≤ 0,030 ≤ 0,040 / ≤ 0,015 ≤ 0,040 / ≤ 0,030 Residuales; limitar fragilidad

SHUNFU METAL verifica C+N de forma independiente por combustión y Kjeldahl en cada colada, garantizando la relación Ti/(C+N) ≥ 6 conforme a EN 10088.

Propiedades mecánicas del acero inoxidable SUS444 / 1.4521

Tabla 4 — Propiedades mecánicas según EN 10028-7 y ASTM A240 (condición recocido)
Propiedad ASTM A240 (min.) EN 10028-7 (min.) Valor típico Norma de ensayo
Resistencia a la tracción (Rm) 415 MPa 420 – 640 MPa 450 – 560 MPa ASTM E8 / EN ISO 6892-1
Límite elástico (Rp0,2) 275 MPa ≥ 280 MPa 300 – 360 MPa ASTM E8 / EN ISO 6892-1
Alargamiento (A50) ≥ 20 % ≥ 20 % 22 – 30 % ASTM E8 / EN ISO 6892-1
Dureza Brinell (HBW) ≤ 217 HBW ≤ 185 HBW 140 – 180 HBW ASTM E10 / EN ISO 6506
Módulo de elasticidad (E) ~220 GPa 220 GPa
PREN ~25 %Cr + 3,3×%Mo + 16×%N

Tratamiento térmico de recocido (estado de suministro habitual):

  • Temperatura: 750 – 900 °C; enfriamiento en aire o gas inerte
  • Forjado y laminado en caliente: 750 – 1 050 °C; enfriamiento en agua, aire o gas
  • Objetivo: disolución de carburos, eliminación de tensiones residuales y restauración de la resistencia a la corrosión intergranular

SHUNFU METAL realiza el recocido en horno continuo con atmósfera controlada de nitrógeno/hidrógeno para producir el acabado brillante (BA) sin decapado adicional, preferido en aplicaciones de agua potable y sanitarias.

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