1.4028 / X30Cr13 / AISI 420B / UNS S42020 / JIS SUS420J2 es un acero inoxidable martensítico de dureza elevada con 12–14 % de cromo y un contenido de carbono de 0,26–0,35 %, superior al del 1.4021. Este mayor nivel de carbono le permite alcanzar durezas de hasta HRC 51 en estado de máximo temple, convirtiéndolo en el grado preferido para cuchillería de alto rendimiento, resortes de precisión y componentes de desgaste intensivo. SHUNFU METAL suministra 1.4028 / X30Cr13 en barra laminada, barra forjada, fleje y placa con certificación ISO 9001 y trazabilidad de colada.

Introducción al acero inoxidable martensítico 1.4028 / X30Cr13

Barra redonda laminada de acero inoxidable martensítico 1.4028 X30Cr13 suministrada por SHUNFU METAL
Barra redonda laminada 1.4028 / X30Cr13
SHUNFU METAL

El 1.4028 / X30Cr13 ocupa la posición intermedia entre el 1.4021 (X20Cr13, C ≤ 0,25 %) y el 1.4034 (X46Cr13, C ≤ 0,50 %) dentro de la familia martensítica de cromo 13 %. Con C de 0,26–0,35 % y Cr de 12–14 %, la transformación martensítica durante el temple produce una microestructura de alta dureza sin sacrificar la tenacidad propia de la familia 420. En estado recocido (+A) presenta Rm < 800 MPa y HBW < 245, lo que facilita la mecanización y el conformado; en estado templado y revenido (+QT850) alcanza Rm de 850–1 000 MPa y HRC 45–51, adecuado para bordes de corte de alta calidad y superficies de desgaste. Como todos los inoxidables martensíticos sin níquel, es magnético en todos sus estados de tratamiento.

En SHUNFU METAL, el 1.4028 / X30Cr13 se funde en horno de arco eléctrico (EAF) y se refina por proceso AOD para mantener el carbono en la ventana 0,26–0,35 % con una tolerancia de ±0,02 %. La composición se verifica por espectrometría OES tras la colada. La forja se realiza en el intervalo 800–1 100 °C con control pirométrico continuo. El material se entrega con certificado EN 10204 3.1 e informe de tratamiento térmico con curvas de temple y revenido cuando se suministra en estado +QT.

Equivalencias internacionales del 1.4028 / X30Cr13 / AISI 420B

Tabla 1 — Equivalencias del 1.4028 / X30Cr13 en normas internacionales
Norma Designación País / Región Documento de referencia
EN / DIN X30Cr13 / 1.4028 Europa EN 10088-1/2/3, EN 10151
ASTM / UNS 420B / S42020 EE. UU. ASTM A276 / A484
JIS SUS420J2 Japón JIS G4303 / G4304 / G4305
GB 30Cr13 China GB/T 1220 / GB/T 4237
GOST 30Х13 (30Kh13) Rusia / CEI GOST 5632
BS 420S45 / 420 S 45 Reino Unido BS 970 Part 1
NF (AFNOR) Z33C13 Francia NF A35-572
PN 3H13 Polonia PN-H-86020

Aplicaciones industriales del acero 1.4028 / X30Cr13

Cuchillería y utensilios de corte

  • Cuchillos de cocina de alto rendimiento
  • Tijeras profesionales e industriales
  • Cuchillas para la industria alimentaria
  • Navajas de bolsillo y herramientas de campo
Instrumentos médicos

  • Bisturíes y escalpelos de precisión
  • Tijeras y pinzas quirúrgicas
  • Instrumental odontológico
  • Punzones y gubias de cirugía
Resortes y elementos elásticos

  • Resortes de compresión y tracción
  • Flejes y láminas de muelle
  • Arandelas de presión
  • Elementos de retención elástica
Bombas y equipos hidráulicos

  • Ejes de bomba de aceite caliente
  • Vástagos de émbolo
  • Asientos y vástagos de válvulas
  • Anillos de desgaste y cierres
Moldes y herramientas

  • Moldes para inyección a presión
  • Insertos y núcleos de molde
  • Punzones y matrices de estampación
  • Piezas de desgaste de maquinaria
Mecánica general y construcción

  • Ejes, muñones y pernos de alta resistencia
  • Prensaestopas y virolas
  • Varillas de émbolo
  • Piezas de máquinas con carga cíclica

Suministro: formas y dimensiones de 1.4028 / X30Cr13

Tabla 2 — Formas y rangos dimensionales disponibles (SHUNFU METAL)
Forma de suministro Rango dimensional Estado de entrega
Barra redonda laminada en caliente Ø 5 – 250 mm +A / +QT850
Barra plana laminada 3–80 mm × 10–400 mm +A / +QT
Barra redonda forjada Ø 80 – 800 mm +A / +QT850
Barra plana forjada / bloque Espesor 50–500 mm, ancho hasta 1 500 mm +A / +QT
Chapa / Placa laminada en caliente 2–60 mm × 1 000–2 500 mm de ancho +A
Banda / Fleje laminado en frío 0,4–4,0 mm × hasta 500 mm de ancho +A / +C700 / +C850 / +C1000

Longitudes estándar: 3 000–6 000 mm. Corte a medida disponible. Todos los lotes con trazabilidad de colada y análisis OES.

Composición química del acero 1.4028 / X30Cr13 según normas

Tabla 3 — Composición química (% en masa)
Norma Designación C Si máx. Mn máx. P máx. S máx. Cr
EN 10088-3 X30Cr13 / 1.4028 0,26 – 0,35 1,00 1,50 0,040 0,030 12,0 – 14,0
ASTM A276 420B / S42020 0,26 – 0,36 1,00 1,00 0,040 0,030 12,0 – 14,0
JIS G4303 SUS420J2 0,26 – 0,40 1,00 1,00 0,040 0,030 12,0 – 14,0
GOST 5632 30Х13 (30Kh13) 0,26 – 0,35 0,80 0,80 0,030 0,025 12,0 – 14,0

Propiedades mecánicas del 1.4028 / X30Cr13 según tratamiento térmico

Tabla 4 — Propiedades mecánicas en barras (EN 10088-3 / ASTM A276)
Estado Rm (MPa) Rp0,2 (MPa) A (%) KV (J) Dureza
Recocido +A
745–825 °C, enfr. en aire
< 800 > 15 < 245 HBW / < 97 HRB
Temple + Revenido +QT850
950–1 050 °C aceite/aire, rev. 625–675 °C
850 – 1 000 ≥ 650 ≥ 10 ≥ 12 255–300 HBW
Máximo temple +H
950–1 050 °C, sin revenido / rev. mínimo
≥ 1 450 45–51 HRC / 450–550 HV

Nota sobre tratamiento térmico: El revenido debe realizarse fuera del intervalo 400–600 °C para evitar la fragilización por precipitación de carburos en borde de grano. Para aplicaciones de borde de corte (cuchillería, bisturíes) se recomienda el estado +QT850 con revenido a 625–675 °C. SHUNFU METAL emite certificado de curva de revenido con cada lote suministrado en estado +QT.

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