1.4021 / X20Cr13 / AISI 420 / UNS S42000 / JIS SUS420J1 es un acero inoxidable martensítico de alta dureza con 12–14 % de cromo y un contenido de carbono significativamente superior al del 1.4006, lo que le permite alcanzar durezas de hasta HRC 50 tras temple y revenido. Combina alta resistencia mecánica, excelente capacidad de corte y resistencia moderada a la corrosión en ambientes secos o de baja agresividad química. SHUNFU METAL suministra 1.4021 / X20Cr13 en barra laminada, barra forjada y placa, con certificación ISO 9001 y trazabilidad completa de colada.

Introducción al acero inoxidable martensítico 1.4021 / X20Cr13

Barra redonda laminada de acero inoxidable martensítico 1.4021 X20Cr13 suministrada por SHUNFU METAL
Barra redonda laminada 1.4021 / X20Cr13
SHUNFU METAL

El grado 1.4021 es la versión de mayor carbono dentro de la familia martensítica de bajo cromo: con C de 0,16–0,25 % y Cr de 12–14 %, la transformación martensítica durante el temple es completa e intensa, produciendo durezas superiores a HRC 44 en estado de máximo temple. El contenido de carbono más alto respecto al 1.4006 proporciona mayor dureza superficial y resistencia al desgaste, a costa de una tenacidad ligeramente inferior. En estado recocido (+A), con Rm < 760 MPa y HB < 230, es fácilmente mecanizable; en estado templado y revenido (+QT700 o +QT800), alcanza resistencias de 700–950 MPa, idóneas para piezas de corte, desgaste y cargas cíclicas. El grado es completamente magnético en todos sus estados de tratamiento térmico.

En SHUNFU METAL, el 1.4021 / X20Cr13 se funde en horno de arco eléctrico (EAF) y se afina por AOD para un control preciso del carbono en el rango 0,16–0,25 %. La composición se verifica por espectrometría OES antes de la colada. La forja se ejecuta en el rango 800–1 100 °C con pirometría infrarroja continua para prevenir el engrosamiento de grano. El material se entrega con certificado EN 10204 3.1 e informe de tratamiento térmico con curvas de revenido cuando se suministra en estado +QT.

Equivalencias internacionales del acero 1.4021 / X20Cr13 / AISI 420

Tabla 1 — Equivalencias del 1.4021 / X20Cr13 en normas internacionales
Norma Designación País / Región Documento de referencia
EN / DIN X20Cr13 / 1.4021 Europa EN 10088-1/2/3, EN 10269
ASTM / UNS 420 / S42000 EE. UU. ASTM A240 / A276 / A484
JIS SUS420J1 Japón JIS G4303 / G4304 / G4305
GB 20Cr13 China GB/T 1220 / GB/T 4237
GOST 20Х13 (20Kh13) Rusia / CEI GOST 5632
BS 420S29 / 420 S 29 Reino Unido BS 970 Part 1
NF (AFNOR) Z20C13 Francia NF A35-572
PN 2H13 Polonia PN-H-86020

Aplicaciones industriales del 1.4021 / X20Cr13

✂️ Cuchillería y corte

  • Cuchillos de cocina y de mesa
  • Hojas de afeitar y tijeras
  • Cuchillas industriales
  • Navajas y herramientas de bolsillo
⚕️ Instrumentos médicos y quirúrgicos

  • Bisturíes y escalpelos
  • Pinzas e instrumentos dentales
  • Tijeras quirúrgicas
  • Agujas e implantes temporales
⚡ Energía y turbomaquinaria

  • Álabes y paletas de turbinas de vapor
  • Discos de compresor
  • Pernos para temperaturas elevadas
  • Ejes y portadores de turbina
🔩 Mecánica y desgaste

  • Asientos y vástagos de válvulas
  • Bujes y casquillos de desgaste
  • Moldes para inyección a presión
  • Pines, rasquetas y muelles
🚗 Automoción y petroquímica

  • Componentes de bomba hidráulica
  • Piezas de hardware petroquímico
  • Sujetadores de alta resistencia
  • Ejes de pequeño diámetro
🏭 Decoración e industria general

  • Piezas decorativas pulidas
  • Componentes de maquinaria alimentaria
  • Partes estructurales ornamentales
  • Tornillería de media resistencia

Suministro: formas y dimensiones de 1.4021 / X20Cr13

Tabla 2 — Formas y rangos dimensionales disponibles (SHUNFU METAL)
Forma de suministro Rango dimensional Estado de entrega
Barra redonda laminada en caliente Ø 5 – 250 mm +A / +QT700 / +QT800
Barra plana laminada 3–80 mm × 10–400 mm +A / +QT
Barra redonda forjada Ø 80 – 800 mm +A / +QT700 / +QT800
Barra plana forjada / bloque Espesor 50–500 mm, ancho hasta 1 500 mm +A / +QT
Chapa / Placa laminada en caliente 2–60 mm × 1 000–2 500 mm de ancho +A / +QT
Banda / Fleje laminado en frío 0,4–4,0 mm × hasta 500 mm de ancho +A / +C700 / +C800

Longitudes estándar: 3 000–6 000 mm. Longitudes especiales y corte a medida disponibles. Todos los lotes con trazabilidad de colada y análisis OES.

Composición química del acero 1.4021 / X20Cr13 según normas

Tabla 3 — Composición química (% en masa)
Norma Designación C Si máx. Mn máx. P máx. S máx. Cr
EN 10088-3 X20Cr13 / 1.4021 0,16 – 0,25 1,00 1,50 0,040 0,030 12,0 – 14,0
ASTM A240 420 / S42000 > 0,15 1,00 1,00 0,040 0,030 12,0 – 14,0
JIS G4303 SUS420J1 0,16 – 0,25 1,00 1,00 0,040 0,030 12,0 – 14,0
GOST 5632 20Х13 0,16 – 0,25 0,80 0,80 0,030 0,025 12,0 – 14,0

Propiedades mecánicas del 1.4021 / X20Cr13 según tratamiento térmico

Tabla 4 — Propiedades mecánicas en barras peladas/trefiladas (EN 10088-3 / ASTM A276)
Estado Rm (MPa) Rp0,2 (MPa) A50 (%) KV (J) Dureza
Recocido +A
745–825 °C, enfr. en aire
< 760 > 15 < 230 HB / < 95 HRB
Temple + Revenido +QT700
950–1 050 °C aceite/aire, rev. 650–750 °C
700 – 850 ≥ 500 ≥ 13 ≥ 25 215–255 HB
Temple + Revenido +QT800
950–1 050 °C aceite/aire, rev. 600–700 °C
800 – 950 ≥ 600 ≥ 12 ≥ 20 245–285 HB
Máximo temple +H
950–1 050 °C, sin revenido / rev. mínimo
≥ 1 400 44–50 HRC / 440–530 HV

⚠️ Zona de fragilización a evitar: 400–600 °C. En este intervalo se producen precipitaciones de fases frágiles que reducen drásticamente la tenacidad. El revenido debe realizarse a < 400 °C (alta dureza) o > 600 °C (alta tenacidad). SHUNFU METAL emite informe de curva de revenido con cada lote en estado +QT.

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