1.4418 / X4CrNiMo16-5-1 / UNS S41425 / JIS SUS F6NM es un acero inoxidable martensítico de bajo carbono con níquel y molibdeno que combina alta resistencia mecánica, excelente tenacidad a baja temperatura y buena resistencia a la corrosión en medios clorurados. Con C ≤ 0,06 %, Cr 15–17 %, Ni 4–6 % y Mo 0,8–1,5 %, presenta una microestructura de martensita revenida con austenita estable residual que le confiere ductilidad superior a los grados martensíticos convencionales. SHUNFU METAL suministra 1.4418 / X4CrNiMo16-5-1 en barra laminada, barra forjada y bloque, con certificación ISO 9001 y trazabilidad completa de colada.

Introducción al acero inoxidable 1.4418 / X4CrNiMo16-5-1

Barra redonda forjada de acero inoxidable martensítico 1.4418 X4CrNiMo16-5-1 suministrada por SHUNFU METAL
Barra redonda forjada 1.4418 / X4CrNiMo16-5-1
SHUNFU METAL

El 1.4418 pertenece a la familia de los inoxidables martensíticos de bajo carbono (C ≤ 0,06 %) enriquecidos con níquel y molibdeno. El bajo carbono elimina la fragilidad de carburos en bordes de grano y facilita la soldabilidad sin precalentamiento en secciones medianas. El níquel (4–6 %) estabiliza la austenita residual e incrementa la tenacidad a temperaturas de hasta –30 °C, mientras que el molibdeno (0,8–1,5 %) eleva la resistencia a la corrosión por picadura en medios con cloruros. Frente al AISI 410 (1.4006), el 1.4418 ofrece Cr y Ni sustancialmente mayores, lo que se traduce en un comportamiento anticorrosivo comparable al de algunos aceros dúplex en condiciones moderadas. En estado de suministro +QT900, la resistencia mínima garantizada es de 900 MPa con alargamiento ≥ 10 %, adecuada para aplicaciones de alta carga dinámica.

En SHUNFU METAL, el 1.4418 se funde en horno de arco eléctrico (EAF) con refinado por AOD para garantizar C ≤ 0,06 % y controlar la ventana estrecha de Ni y Mo. La composición se verifica por espectrometría OES. La forja se ejecuta entre 950 y 1 180 °C con enfriamiento controlado en horno para evitar fisuras. El material se entrega en estado +QT con certificado EN 10204 3.1, informe de curva de revenido y, cuando se requiere, ensayo Charpy a –20 °C o –40 °C.

Equivalencias internacionales del 1.4418 / X4CrNiMo16-5-1

Tabla 1 — Equivalencias del 1.4418 en normas internacionales
Norma Designación País / Región Documento de referencia
EN X4CrNiMo16-5-1 / 1.4418 Europa EN 10088-1/3, EN 10250-4
ASTM / UNS S41425 / AISI 415 EE. UU. ASTM A276 / A565
JIS SUS F6NM Japón JIS G4303 / G4318
GB 0Cr16Ni5Mo China GB/T 1220
SIS SS 2387 Suecia SIS 14 23 87
NF (AFNOR) Z6CND16-05-01 Francia NF A35-574
BS S165M Reino Unido BS 970 Part 1

Aplicaciones industriales del acero 1.4418 / X4CrNiMo16-5-1

Energía hidráulica y turbomaquinaria

  • Rodetes y componentes de turbinas hidráulicas
  • Ejes principales de turbinas Pelton y Francis
  • Álabes y difusores de bombas centrífugas
  • Carcasas de bombas de alta presión
Marina y construcción naval

  • Ejes de hélice y propulsores navales
  • Componentes de sistemas de manejo de agua de mar
  • Pernos y tirantes para estructuras submarinas
  • Válvulas y racores de casco
Petróleo, gas y química

  • Cabezas de pozo y mandos de válvulas
  • Ejes y vástagos de bombas sumergibles
  • Piezas de centrífugas de proceso
  • Tubería de fondo para pozos de petróleo
Aeronáutica y defensa

  • Componentes estructurales de aeronaves
  • Cuerpos de inyectores de combustible
  • Piezas de alta presión en sistemas hidráulicos
  • Elementos de fijación críticos
Ingeniería mecánica general

  • Ejes, piñones y engranajes de alta carga
  • Pernos y espárragos de alta resistencia
  • Pasadores de corte y varillas de émbolo
  • Cilindros y casquillos de desgaste
Automoción e industria química

  • Componentes de cajas de cambios y transmisión
  • Reactores y intercambiadores de calor
  • Agitadores y ejes de mezcladoras
  • Tubería de proceso en ácidos débiles

Suministro: formas y dimensiones de 1.4418 / X4CrNiMo16-5-1

Tabla 2 — Formas y rangos dimensionales disponibles (SHUNFU METAL)
Forma de suministro Rango dimensional Estado de entrega
Barra redonda laminada en caliente Ø 12 – 250 mm +A / +QT760 / +QT900
Barra plana laminada 5–100 mm × 20–500 mm +A / +QT
Barra redonda forjada Ø 80 – 1 000 mm +A / +QT760 / +QT900
Barra plana forjada / bloque Espesor 50–600 mm, ancho hasta 1 500 mm +A / +QT
Pieza forjada a medida (disco / anillo) Según dibujo, hasta 3 000 kg / pieza +QT según especificación
Chapa / Placa laminada en caliente 6–80 mm × 1 000–2 500 mm de ancho +A / +QT

Longitudes estándar: 3 000–6 000 mm. Corte a medida disponible. Todos los lotes con trazabilidad de colada, análisis OES y ensayo mecánico del lote (Rm, Rp0,2, A, KV).

Composición química del acero 1.4418 / X4CrNiMo16-5-1 según EN 10088-3

Tabla 3 — Composición química (% en masa, valores máximos salvo indicación)
C máx. Si máx. Mn máx. P máx. S máx. Cr Mo Ni N mín.
0,06 0,70 1,50 0,040 0,030 15,0 – 17,0 0,80 – 1,50 4,0 – 6,0 0,020

Para mejorar la maquinabilidad se permite un contenido de azufre controlado de 0,015–0,030 %; sin embargo, esto puede reducir levemente la tenacidad y la resistencia a la corrosión. La norma prohíbe la adición deliberada de Pb, Se, Te, Bi y B.

Propiedades mecánicas del 1.4418 / X4CrNiMo16-5-1 según tratamiento térmico

Tabla 4 — Propiedades mecánicas en barras (EN 10088-3 / EN 10250-4)
Estado Rm (MPa) Rp0,2 (MPa) A (%) KV a 20 °C (J) Dureza
Recocido blando +A
600–650 °C, enfr. en horno o aire
< 900 > 16 < 290 HBW
Temple + Revenido +QT760
Temple 1 000–1 050 °C / Rev. 590–620 °C
760 – 960 ≥ 550 ≥ 16 ≥ 80 220–290 HBW
Temple + Revenido +QT900
Temple 1 000–1 050 °C / Rev. 550–620 °C
900 – 1 100 ≥ 700 ≥ 10 ≥ 60 280–340 HBW

El estado +QT760 prioriza la tenacidad (KV ≥ 80 J) para aplicaciones con cargas de impacto o a baja temperatura; el +QT900 prioriza la resistencia mecánica (Rm ≥ 900 MPa) para ejes y estructuras de alta carga. SHUNFU METAL puede suministrar ambos estados con ensayo Charpy a –20 °C confirmado en certificado EN 10204 3.1.

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