Aleacion 718 Barra y Tubo Niquel para Campo Petrolero

Aleacion 718 (UNS N07718): Barra y Tubo de Niquel para Campo Petrolero

La aleacion 718 (UNS N07718 / W.Nr. 2.4668) es un material de niquel-cromo de alta resistencia y resistente a la corrosion, disenado para operar en un rango de temperaturas de -423 °F a 1.300 °F (-253 °C a 704 °C). Su combinacion de excelentes propiedades mecanicas, resistencia a la fatiga, fluencia y rotura la convierten en la opcion preferida para componentes criticos en el sector del petroleo y gas.

SHUNFU STEEL suministra barras y tubos de aleacion 718 en estado de solubilizacion y envejecimiento, cumpliendo los requisitos de la norma NACE MR0175 para servicio en ambientes con sour gas (H2S). Como proveedor Tier-1 de las 10 mayores empresas de servicios petroleros a nivel mundial, garantizamos trazabilidad completa por colada y certificacion API Q1 + ISO 9001.

Composicion Quimica

Tabla 1 — Composicion quimica limite de la aleacion 718 (conforme a AMS)
Elemento Contenido (%)
Niquel + Cobalto50,00 – 55,00
Cromo (Cr)17,00 – 21,00
Hierro (Fe)Resto*
Niobio + Tantalio4,75 – 5,50
Molibdeno (Mo)2,80 – 3,30
Titanio (Ti)0,65 – 1,15
Aluminio (Al)0,20 – 0,80
Cobalto (Co)1,00 max.
Carbono (C)0,08 max.
Manganeso (Mn)0,35 max.
Silicio (Si)0,35 max.
Fosforo (P)0,015 max.
Azufre (S)0,015 max.
Boro (B)0,006 max.
Cobre (Cu)0,30 max.

*El termino «resto» indica que el hierro predomina, estando los demas elementos presentes solo en cantidades minimas.

Propiedades Mecanicas para Herramientas Petroleras

Para aplicaciones de aleacion de niquel en campo petrolero, la aleacion 718 se suministra en estado de solubilizacion + envejecimiento conforme a NACE MR0175, con dureza maxima de 40 HRC. El tratamiento termico tipico consiste en solubilizado a 1850–1900 °F (1010–1038 °C) y envejecimiento a 1.450 °F (788 °C) durante 6 a 8 horas, seguido de enfriamiento al aire.

Tabla 2 — Propiedades mecanicas minimas a temperatura ambiente segun condicion y diametro (NACE MR0175)
Condicion Diametro Resistencia a la traccion (ksi) Limite elastico 0,2% (ksi) Alargamiento min. (%) Estriccion min. (%) Impacto min. prom. (ft·lb) Dureza (HRC)
Trabajado en frio, solubilizado y envejecido 12,7 – 76,2 mm (0,5–3 in) 150 (min.) 120 – 140 20 25 40 30 – 40
Trabajado en caliente, solubilizado y envejecido 12,7 – 203,2 mm (0,5–8 in) 150 (min.) 120 – 140 20 25 40 30 – 40
Trabajado en caliente, solubilizado y envejecido 203,2 – 254 mm (8–10 in) 150 (min.) 120 – 140 20 25 40 30 – 40

Propiedades Mecanicas Segun Especificacion AMS

Ademas del suministro para campo petrolero, la aleacion 718 se entrega bajo diversas especificaciones AMS. A continuacion se recogen los valores minimos garantizados para las principales normas aplicables a barras, tubos y chapas.

Recocido 1.700–1.850 °F + Envejecimiento

Este es el tratamiento optimo cuando se requiere la mejor combinacion de vida en rotura, ductilidad y resistencia a la fatiga.

Tabla 3 — Propiedades minimas: recocido 1.700–1.850 °F + envejecimiento
Especificacion Producto Resistencia traccion (ksi) Limite elastico (ksi) Alargamiento (%) Estriccion (%) Dureza
AMS 5662/5663Barras, forjas y anillos1851501215331 HBW
AMS 5596Chapas, flejes y placas18015012—36 HRC
AMS 5589Tubo sin soldadura18515012—36 HRC

Recocido 1.900–1.950 °F + Envejecimiento

Tratamiento preferido en aplicaciones limitadas por traccion, ya que produce la mejor ductilidad transversal en secciones gruesas y la mayor resistencia al impacto a baja temperatura.

Tabla 4 — Propiedades minimas: recocido 1.900–1.950 °F + envejecimiento
Especificacion Producto Resistencia traccion (ksi) Limite elastico (ksi) Alargamiento (%) Estriccion (%) Dureza
AMS 5664Barras, forjas y anillos18015010–1212–15341 HBW
AMS 5597Chapas, flejes y placas18015015—38 HRC
AMS 5590Tubo sin soldadura17014515——

Constantes Fisicas y Propiedades Termicas

Tabla 5 — Constantes fisicas de la aleacion 718
Propiedad Valor
Densidad (recocido)0,296 lb/in3 (8,19 g/cm3)
Densidad (recocido + envejecido)0,297 lb/in3 (8,22 g/cm3)
Intervalo de fusion2.300–2.437 °F (1.260–1.336 °C)
Calor especifico a 21 °C0,104 Btu/lb·°F (435 J/kg·°C)
Temperatura de Curie (recocido)< -320 °F (< -196 °C)
Temperatura de Curie (recocido + envejecido)-170 °F (-112 °C)
Permeabilidad a 200 oersted (70 °F)~1,001 (practicamente no magnetica)

Aplicaciones en Campo Petrolero y Minería

Gracias a su excelente resistencia a la corrosion bajo tension en presencia de H2S (conforme a NACE MR0175), su alta resistencia mecanica y su estabilidad a temperaturas elevadas, la aleacion 718 en forma de barra y tubo se emplea ampliamente en:

  • Herramientas de fondo de pozo (downhole tools): componentes MWD/LWD, mandriles, ejes y carcasas de motores de fondo.
  • Valvulas y conexiones de alta presion para cabezales de pozo y arboles de Navidad.
  • Sistemas de completacion (completion systems): colgadores, empacaduras y accesorios para tuberia petrolera.
  • Componentes de perforacion en mineria: ejes de transmision, acoplamientos y piezas de desgaste en equipos de perforacion minera.
  • Fijaciones y elementos de instrumentacion para entornos corrosivos y de alta presion.

Consulte tambien nuestra gama de aleaciones de niquel para componentes que requieran prestaciones superiores frente a la corrosion y la temperatura.

Tratamiento Termico y Estado de Suministro

Estado de suministro estandar para campo petrolero
Solubilizado a 1.850–1.900 °F (1.010–1.038 °C) + envejecido a 1.450 °F (788 °C) durante 6–8 h, enfriamiento al aire. Dureza maxima: 40 HRC. Conforme a NACE MR0175.
Tratamiento de alta resistencia (AMS 5662/5663)
Solubilizado a 1.700–1.850 °F + precipitacion a 1.325 °F / 8 h, enfriamiento en horno hasta 1.150 °F, mantenimiento a 1.150 °F durante un tiempo total de envejecimiento de 18 h, enfriamiento al aire.
Tratamiento para maxima ductilidad (AMS 5664)
Solubilizado a 1.900–1.950 °F + precipitacion a 1.400 °F / 10 h, enfriamiento en horno hasta 1.200 °F, mantenimiento a 1.200 °F durante un tiempo total de envejecimiento de 20 h, enfriamiento al aire.

Si el material va a ser mecanizado, conformado o soldado por el cliente, recomendamos adquirirlo en estado recocido de laminacion (mill annealed) o aliviado de tensiones, la condicion de mayor maleabilidad, y aplicar el tratamiento termico final tras la fabricacion.

Referencias Cruzadas y Normas Equivalentes

  • UNS: N07718
  • W.Nr.: 2.4668
  • AMS: 5662, 5663, 5664 (barras y forjas); 5596, 5597 (chapas); 5589, 5590 (tubo sin soldadura)
  • NACE: MR0175 / ISO 15156 (servicio en ambientes con H2S)
  • API: 6A (valvulas y conexiones para cabezales de pozo)
  • Designaciones comerciales: Inconel® 718, Nicrofer® 5219 Nb, Haynes® 718

Solicite la ficha tecnica completa de la aleacion 718 con los certificados de colada y ensayos mecanicos actualizados para su proyecto en campo petrolero.

Preguntas Frecuentes

¿Cual es la dureza maxima de la aleacion 718 segun NACE MR0175?

La dureza maxima permitida es de 40 HRC (Rockwell C). SHUNFU STEEL suministra el material con valores tipicos entre 30 y 40 HRC, garantizando el cumplimiento de la norma NACE MR0175 para servicio en ambientes con sour gas.

¿En que rangos de diametro suministran barras y tubos de aleacion 718?

Suministramos barra trabajada en caliente desde 12,7 mm (0,5 in) hasta 254 mm (10 in) de diametro y barra trabajada en frio hasta 76,2 mm (3 in). El tubo sin soldadura se suministra con diametro exterior a partir de 3,18 mm (0,125 in) y espesor de pared desde 0,38 mm (0,015 in), cumpliendo las especificaciones AMS 5589 y AMS 5590.

¿Es soldable la aleacion 718?

Si. La aleacion 718 presenta una soldabilidad excepcional, con una resistencia destacada a la fisuracion postsoldadura (postweld cracking), lo que la hace ideal para componentes complejos que requieren fabricacion mediante soldadura.

¿Que certificaciones acompanan el material?

Todo el material se entrega con certificado de colada 3.1 segun EN 10204, que incluye composicion quimica, propiedades mecanicas (traccion, dureza, impacto), ensayos no destructivos (ultrasonidos) y trazabilidad completa. Nuestro sistema de calidad esta certificado API Q1 e ISO 9001.

¿Necesita una cotizacion para barras o tubos de aleacion 718?

Contacte con nuestro equipo tecnico comercial y reciba una oferta en 24 horas.

info.es@shunfusteel.com  |  Catalogo de aleaciones de niquel  |  Tubos para industria petrolera

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