Haynes 99 (tambien UNS N07099, GH4099 / GH99, ЭП693 / ХН68МВКТЮР) es una superaleacion de niquel-cromo-cobalto endurecible por precipitacion de fase gamma prima (Ni3(Al,Ti)), reforzada adicionalmente por W y Mo en solucion solida. Disenada para servicio continuo a 900 C y picos de 1000 C, es la aleacion de referencia para componentes de combustion soldados de pared delgada en motores aeronauticos. En SHUNFU METAL fabricamos esta aleacion mediante VIM y ESR, con analisis OES por colada bajo el sistema de calidad ISO 9001 y los estandares del programa API Q1. Su caracteristica diferencial es que las grandes estructuras soldadas pueden utilizarse directamente tras solubilizacion, sin requerir envejecimiento posterior, reduciendo costes de fabricacion.

Grados Equivalentes de Haynes 99 (N07099)

Norma / Pais Designacion
EE.UU. (UNS) N07099
China (GB/T, GJB, HB) GH4099 / GH99 (ISC H40990)
China — Estandares Aeroespaciales GB/T 14992, GJB 1952A-2008, HB 5332/5333, BZ 44-903B-06
Rusia (GOST) ЭП693 / ХН68МВКТЮР

Nota: Haynes 99 / GH4099 es una aleacion de origen chino-ruso. No existen equivalentes directos en AMS/SAE, ASTM, DIN/EN, JIS ni AFNOR. SHUNFU METAL produce segun los estandares GJB y HB, con certificacion ISO 9001 y API Q1 que respaldan la calidad para el mercado internacional.

Chapa laminada Haynes 99 GH4099 SHUNFU METAL
Chapa Haynes 99 | SHUNFU METAL

Aplicaciones de Haynes 99 (GH4099)

Motores Aeronauticos

Camaras de combustion (tubos de llama, carcasas), postcombustion (cuerpo, mezcladores, estabilizadores, pantallas termicas) y toberas de escape ajustables. SHUNFU METAL suministra chapa de 0.8-4.0 mm con conformabilidad optimizada y microestructura de grano fino controlada.

Turbinas de Gas Industriales y Navales

Revestimientos de camara de combustion, secciones de transicion, anillos de sellado y carcasas estructurales de alta temperatura para turbinas de generacion electrica y propulsion naval.

Propulsion Aeroespacial

Camaras de empuje de motores cohete, extensiones de tobera (revestimiento termico), generadores de gas, tuberias de alta temperatura y juntas de dilatacion de fuelle para sistemas de propulsion liquida y scramjet.

Energia Nuclear

Componentes de reactores de alta temperatura refrigerados por gas (HTGR): vainas de combustible, soportes estructurales y tubos de intercambio termico con requisitos de resistencia a la irradiacion neutronica y estabilidad microestructural.

Petroquimica y Procesos

Tubos de horno de craqueo de etileno, intercambiadores de calor de alta temperatura, revestimientos internos de reactores cataliticos y equipos de regeneracion de catalizadores para servicio en atmosferas oxidantes y sulfurantes.

Utillajes y Componentes de Horno

Utillajes de tratamiento termico, rodillos de horno, bandejas de cinta transportadora y accesorios de soldadura fuerte en vacio para procesos industriales con ciclos termicos repetitivos hasta 1000 C.

Suministro de Haynes 99 por SHUNFU METAL

Chapa Laminada en Frio

Espesor: 0.05 mm – 4.0 mm. Ancho: hasta 1000 mm. Largo: hasta 2000 mm. Estado: solubilizado (1080-1140 C, templado al aire). Segun GJB 1952A-2008. Acabado superficial brillante; control de espesor por laser en cada lote SHUNFU. Apta para embuticion profunda (coeficiente 2.08), rebordeado (1.64) y repujado por rotacion (adelgazamiento max. 71.7%).

Chapa Laminada en Caliente

Espesor: 4 mm – 50 mm. Ancho: 500 mm – 1000 mm. Largo: 1000 mm – 2500 mm. Estado: laminado en caliente + solubilizado. Segun GB/T 14995. Inspeccion ultrasonica disponible. La chapa de mayor espesor de SHUNFU mantiene la trabajabilidad en caliente optimizada gracias al control preciso de temperatura de laminacion (inicio: 1130-1150 C).

Barra Redonda Laminada y Forjada

Laminado en caliente: diametro 8 mm – 100 mm. Forjado (ODF): diametro 100 mm – 350 mm. Longitud: 1000-6000 mm. Estado: solubilizado, desbastado (RT) o forja negra. Segun HB 5492. Forja con inicio a 1050 C y final no inferior a 980 C. Control de grano ASTM 4 o mas fino.

Cinta, Alambron, Tubo y Forjas

Cinta: espesor 2 mm – 10 mm, ancho hasta 600 mm. Alambron: diametro 0.5 mm – 8 mm (estirado en frio). Hilo de soldadura HGH99 disponible. Tubo sin costura: OD 10 mm – 150 mm. Forjas libres y anillos: por plano hasta 5000 kg. Corte a medida, ensayos mecanicos y no destructivos acreditados ISO 9001 por lote.

Composicion Quimica de Haynes 99 (GB/T 14992 / GJB 1952A)

Elemento % Min. % Max. Funcion en la aleacion
Niquel (Ni) Bal. ~58-65 Matriz austenitica FCC; estabilidad hasta 1000 C
Cromo (Cr) 17.0 20.0 Resistencia a oxidacion y corrosion en caliente; forma Cr2O3 protectora hasta 1000 C
Cobalto (Co) 5.0 8.0 Eleva la temperatura de solvus de gamma prima; estabiliza la fase gamma prima contra el engrosamiento
Wolframio (W) 5.0 7.0 Refuerzo por solucion solida de atomo pesado; frena el deslizamiento de dislocaciones y bordes de grano a alta T
Molibdeno (Mo) 3.5 4.5 Sinergia con W (W+Mo total ~9-11%); complemento de endurecimiento por solucion solida
Aluminio (Al) 1.70 2.40 Formador principal de gamma prima (Ni3Al); principal fuente de endurecimiento por precipitacion
Titanio (Ti) 1.0 1.5 Co-formador de gamma prima (Ni3(Al,Ti)); ajusta volumen y estabilidad termica del precipitado
Hierro (Fe) 2.0 Residual estrictamente controlado para no diluir la matriz Ni-Cr
Carbono (C) 0.08 Forma carburos M23C6/MC en bordes de grano; anclaje contra deslizamiento intergranular
Boro (B) / Cerio (Ce) / Magnesio (Mg) 0.005 / 0.020 / 0.010 Triple refuerzo de bordes de grano: B segrega y suprime fractura intergranular; Ce y Mg purifican y mejoran adhesion de oxido
Mn / Si / P / S 0.4 / 0.5 / 0.015 / 0.015 Impurezas; S y P reducidos a niveles de grado aeroespacial en todos los lotes SHUNFU

Analisis OES por colada en cada fusion VIM+ESR; certificados EN 10204 3.1 con numero de colada unico trazable. El refuerzo multiple B+Ce+Mg en bordes de grano distingue a GH4099 de otras aleaciones Ni-Cr, proporcionando una combinacion unica de soldabilidad, resistencia en caliente y estabilidad microestructural que SHUNFU METAL verifica en cada lote bajo ISO 9001:2015 y API Q1.

Propiedades Mecanicas de Haynes 99 (GH4099)

Tratamiento termico estandar — Chapa (GJB 1952A): Solubilizacion a 1080-1140 C (max. 1160 C) → enfriamiento al aire o rapido. Las piezas soldadas de gran tamano pueden emplearse directamente en estado solubilizado sin envejecimiento posterior. Para maximizar la resistencia: envejecimiento opcional a 900 C / 5 h al aire. SHUNFU METAL registra y certifica las curvas de tiempo-temperatura de cada hornada.

Propiedad Valor Condicion / Notas
Rm a temperatura ambiente (chapa, estado solubilizado) ≤ 1130 MPa GJB 1952A — estado de suministro (entrega)
Alargamiento A5 (chapa, estado solubilizado) ≥ 35% GJB 1952A — excelente ductilidad para conformado en frio
Dureza (chapa, estado solubilizado) ≤ 300 HV GJB 1952A — baja dureza favorece el conformado y corte
Rm a 900 C (chapa, estado solubilizado) ≥ 375 MPa GJB 1952A — alta resistencia en caliente incluso sin envejecer
A5 a 900 C (chapa, estado solubilizado) ≥ 15% GJB 1952A — ductilidad suficiente en caliente
Persistencia 900 C / 110 MPa (Grupo I) ≥ 23 h, A5 ≥ 6% GJB 1952A — ensayo de ruptura bajo tension en caliente
Persistencia 900 C / 98 MPa (Grupo II) ≥ 30 h, A5 ≥ 10% GJB 1952A — regimen de menor tension, mayor duracion

Propiedades de barra (tratamiento estandar: solubilizacion 1080 C + temple + envejecimiento 900 C/5h):
Rm ≥ 930 MPa | Rp0.2 ≥ 580 MPa | A5 ≥ 15% a 32% | Dureza 280-340 HB (segun diametro y norma aplicable).
Propiedades de forja (tratamiento estandar): Rm ≥ 980 MPa | A5 ≥ 15%.

Propiedades fisicas: Densidad 8.47 g/cm3 | Punto de fusion 1345-1390 C | No magnetico (austenita FCC) | Modulo elastico ~210 GPa (20 C) | Conductividad termica 10.5 W/(m-K) a 100 C → 27.2 W/(m-K) a 900 C | Coeficiente de dilatacion termica 11.9 x 10-6/K (20-100 C) → 16.7 x 10-6/K (20-1000 C).

Soldabilidad: GH4099 admite TIG, MIG y soldadura por haz de electrones (EBW). Precalentamiento recomendado 150-200 C. Las uniones soldadas mantienen las propiedades mecanicas sin tratamiento termico posterior, una ventaja decisiva para grandes estructuras de combustion que SHUNFU METAL certifica mediante ensayos de traccion y plegado en cupones soldados de cada lote.

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