Incoloy 925 (UNS N09925) | Aleacion de Niquel Alta Resistencia

Incoloy 925 (UNS N09925): Aleacion de Niquel Endurecible de Alta Resistencia

La Incoloy 925 (UNS N09925) es una aleacion de niquel-hierro-cromo endurecible por envejecimiento, con adiciones de molibdeno, cobre, titanio y aluminio. Disenada para ofrecer una combinacion excepcional de alta resistencia mecanica y excelente resistencia a la corrosion, esta aleacion cumple con los requisitos de la norma ASTM B805 y la especificacion interna SMC HA 46 de Special Metals Corporation. Es una opcion de referencia para componentes de fondo de pozo y equipos de superficie en la industria petrolera que operan en entornos acidos con presencia de H2S.

Composicion Quimica

La composicion quimica de la Incoloy 925, conforme se indica en la Tabla 1, esta disenada para maximizar la resistencia a la corrosion bajo tension por cloruros y la proteccion frente a ambientes reductores y oxidantes. El contenido de niquel, combinado con el molibdeno y el cobre, proporciona una resistencia sobresaliente frente a productos quimicos reductores y a la corrosion por picaduras y en intersticios.

Tabla 1 — Composicion Quimica Limite de Incoloy 925 (UNS N09925), % en peso
Elemento Simbolo Contenido (%)
NiquelNi42,0 – 46,0
CromoCr19,5 – 22,5
HierroFe22,0 min.
MolibdenoMo2,5 – 3,5
CobreCu1,5 – 3,0
TitanioTi1,9 – 2,4
AluminioAl0,1 – 0,5
ManganesoMn1,0 max.
SilicioSi0,5 max.
NiobioNb0,5 max.
CarbonoC0,03 max.
AzufreS0,03 max.

Propiedades Mecanicas

La Incoloy 925 alcanza sus elevadas propiedades mecanicas mediante un tratamiento termico de dos etapas: solubilizacion a 1.040 °C con temple en agua, seguido de un envejecimiento a 740 °C durante 8 horas con enfriamiento controlado. Este proceso precipita particulas de fase gamma prima (Ni3(Al, Ti)) coherentes con la matriz austenitica, responsables del notable incremento de resistencia.

Tabla 2 — Propiedades Mecanicas Minimas segun ASTM B805 (Solubilizado + Envejecido)
Propiedad Valor Minimo Tipico
Resistencia a la traccion (UTS)1.140 MPa (165 ksi)1.207 MPa (175 ksi)
Limite elastico (0,2 % offset)760 MPa (110 ksi)827 MPa (120 ksi)
Alargamiento (4D)18 %22 %
Estriccion (RA)25 %35 %
Dureza maxima35 HRC32 – 35 HRC

En estado solubilizado unicamente (sin envejecimiento), la aleacion presenta una resistencia a la traccion minima de 760 MPa (110 ksi) y un limite elastico de 345 MPa (50 ksi) con un alargamiento del 30 %, lo que facilita las operaciones de conformado y mecanizado previas al tratamiento termico final.

Tabla 3 — Propiedades a Alta Temperatura (Solubilizado + Envejecido)
Temperatura (°C) Limite Elastico (MPa) Resistencia Traccion (MPa) Alargamiento (%)
217601.14022
937451.11722
1497311.10321
2047171.09020
2607031.06919
3166891.05518
3716691.03417
4276481.00716

Propiedades Fisicas

Tabla 4 — Propiedades Fisicas de Incoloy 925 a Temperatura Ambiente
Propiedad Valor
Densidad8,08 g/cm3 (0,292 lb/in3)
Intervalo de fusion1.311 – 1.366 °C (2.392 – 2.490 °F)
Resistividad electrica1,17 µΩ·m (701 ohm·cmil/ft)
Permeabilidad a 200 oersteds (15,9 kA/m)1,001
Modulo de elasticidad190 GPa (27,6 × 106 psi)
Coeficiente de expansion termica (20 – 100 °C)13,2 µm/m·°C
Calor especifico (20 °C)435 J/kg·°C

Tratamiento Termico

El tratamiento termico de la Incoloy 925 consta de dos etapas fundamentales:

Solubilizacion (Solution Anneal)
Calentamiento a 1.040 ± 14 °C (1.900 ± 25 °F), con un tiempo de permanencia minimo de 1 hora (o 1 hora por cada 25 mm de espesor de seccion). El temple debe realizarse en agua en un plazo maximo de 60 segundos tras la apertura del horno. Para aplicaciones en entornos acidos (NACE MR0175), no se permite el enfriamiento al aire.
Envejecimiento (Age Hardening)
Primera etapa: 740 °C (1.365 °F) × 8 horas, seguido de un enfriamiento lento controlado a aproximadamente 55 °C/hora hasta 621 °C (1.150 °F). Segunda etapa (opcional pero recomendada): 621 °C × 8 horas con enfriamiento al aire. El enfriamiento lento entre ambas etapas permite una precipitacion adicional de fase gamma prima que maximiza la resistencia.

El limite de dureza de 35 HRC es un requisito obligatorio segun NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156-3 para el servicio en entornos acidos con H2S humedo. Superar este valor incrementa la susceptibilidad a la corrosion bajo tension por sulfuros.

Aplicaciones

La Incoloy 925 se emplea en sectores que exigen alta resistencia mecanica combinada con resistencia a la corrosion en condiciones severas. Sus aplicaciones principales incluyen:

  • Productos tubulares para fondo de pozo: tubing, casing y componentes de completacion en pozos de petroleo y gas natural con contenido de H2S (tubos para industria petrolera).
  • Valvulas y colgadores: valvulas de superficie y de fondo de pozo, landing nipples y tool joints para equipos de gas.
  • Sistemas de fijacion de alta resistencia: pernos, espárragos, tuercas y arandelas especificados bajo ASTM B805 y API 6A.
  • Equipos marinos y ejes de bomba: componentes sometidos a corrosion por agua de mar y fluidos de proceso.
  • Sistemas de tuberias de alta presion: para plantas quimicas y de procesamiento con fluidos corrosivos a elevada presion y temperatura.

Normas de Referencia y Calidades Equivalentes

  • UNS N09925 — Designacion del Unified Numbering System
  • ASTM B805 — Especificacion para barras y piezas forjadas de aleacion UNS N09925 endurecible por precipitacion
  • API 6A — Especificacion para equipos de cabezal de pozo y arbol de Navidad
  • NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156-3 — Materiales para servicio en entornos acidos con H2S
  • SMC HA 46 — Especificacion interna de Special Metals Corporation
  • EN 10204 3.1 — Certificado de inspeccion de materiales

Si su proyecto requiere componentes de Incoloy 925 para aplicaciones en entornos acidos o de alta exigencia mecanica, solicite la ficha tecnica completa y una cotizacion personalizada. Nuestro equipo tecnico puede asesorarle sobre la seleccion del estado de suministro optimo y las opciones de mecanizado.

Preguntas Frecuentes

¿Cual es la diferencia entre el estado solubilizado y el envejecido de la Incoloy 925?

En estado solubilizado (1.040 °C + temple en agua), la aleacion es blanda y ductil: resistencia a la traccion de 760 MPa, limite elastico de 345 MPa y alargamiento del 30 %. Tras el envejecimiento (740 °C × 8 h + 621 °C × 8 h), la resistencia a la traccion asciende a un minimo de 1.140 MPa y el limite elastico a 760 MPa. El estado solubilizado se utiliza para conformado y mecanizado; el envejecido, para servicio final.

¿Por que el limite de dureza de 35 HRC es critico para Incoloy 925?

La norma NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156-3 establece 35 HRC como dureza maxima para aleaciones de niquel en servicio con H2S humedo. Superar este valor aumenta drasticamente el riesgo de corrosion bajo tension por sulfuros (sulfide stress cracking), pudiendo provocar fallos catastroficos. Todo el proceso de tratamiento termico de SHUNFU STEEL se controla rigurosamente para garantizar el cumplimiento de este limite.

¿Se puede soldar la Incoloy 925?

Si. La Incoloy 925 es soldable mediante procesos GTAW (TIG) y GMAW (MIG). Se recomienda utilizar material de aporte de composicion similar (ERNiCrMo-3 o equivalente) y realizar un tratamiento termico post-soldadura de solubilizacion y envejecimiento para restaurar las propiedades mecanicas en la zona afectada termicamente.

¿Que formatos de producto suministra SHUNFU STEEL en Incoloy 925?

Suministramos aleaciones de niquel en multiples formatos: barras redondas y hexagonales, piezas forjadas, tubos sin soldadura, bridas, accesorios y pernos bajo ASTM B805. Consulte con nuestro equipo comercial para geometrias especiales o requisitos dimensionales personalizados.

Consulte con Nuestro Equipo Tecnico

SHUNFU STEEL es fabricante y exportador global de aleaciones de niquel, aceros aleados y aceros inoxidables para los sectores de petroleo, gas y mineria. Contamos con certificaciones API Q1 e ISO 9001, y nuestros productos cumplen con las normas ASTM, API, NACE e ISO.

Si necesita Incoloy 925 (UNS N09925) para su proximo proyecto, contacte con nuestro equipo en info.es@shunfusteel.com. Le proporcionaremos una cotizacion competitiva, plazos de entrega y la documentacion tecnica completa de su pedido.

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