Nimonic 90A / Nimonic 90 (tambien UNS N07090, W.Nr. 2.4632 / 2.4969, GH4090 / GH90, NiCr20Co18Ti) es una superaleacion de niquel-cromo-cobalto endurecible por precipitacion de fase gamma prima (Ni3(Al,Ti)). Evolucion del Nimonic 80A con adicion de Co ~18%, esta aleacion opera desde 650 hasta 920 C con alta resistencia a la fluencia lenta y al agrietamiento por fatiga termica. Es la referencia clasica de la familia Nimonic para alabes, discos de turbina, muelles y fijaciones aeronauticas. En SHUNFU METAL fabricamos esta aleacion segun AMS 5829, BS HR1/HR2/HR202 y GB/T 14992, mediante fusion al vacio (VIM) y refundicion por electroescoria (ESR), con analisis OES por colada bajo el sistema de calidad ISO 9001 y los estandares del programa API Q1. Su composicion tipica Ni~54Cr~20Co~18Ti~2.6Al~1.5 produce un volumen de gamma prima del 35-45% que sostiene la resistencia mecanica hasta el limite de servicio de 920 C.

Grados Equivalentes de Nimonic 90A (N07090)

Norma / Pais Designacion
EE.UU. (UNS) N07090
EE.UU. — Comerciales Nimonic 90, Nimonic 90A, Alloy 90, PYROMET 90, Udimet 90, Superimphy 90
Reino Unido (BS) BS HR1, HR2 (barra/forja), HR202 (chapa), HR402, HR501, HR502, HR503 (alambre)
Alemania (W.Nr. / DIN) 2.4632, 2.4969; NiCr20Co18Ti (DIN 17744)
Francia (AFNOR / AIR) NCK20TA (AIR 9165)
China (GB/T, GJB, HB) GH4090 (GH90) — GB/T 14992, HB/Z 140
Rusia (GOST) ЭИ929 / ХН78ВТЮР (equivalente mas cercano)
Estandares aeroespaciales AMS 5829/5830, MSRR 7137/7017/7087/7016, AECMA PrEN 2295-2300, Siemens TLV 8525 2100/31001

Nota sobre los equivalentes rusos: ЭИ929 y ХН78ВТЮР son las referencias rusas mas cercanas a Nimonic 90A, aunque ЭИ929 se asocia mas frecuentemente con GH4049 (con adiciones de W+Mo+V). SHUNFU METAL produce segun las especificaciones occidentales AMS y britanicas BS HR, con certificacion ISO 9001 y API Q1. Importante: El alto contenido de cobalto (~18%) excluye a Nimonic 90A del servicio nuclear por activacion de Co60 — para aplicaciones nucleares consulte Nimonic 80A (Co ≤2%).

Barra y chapa Nimonic 90A GH4090 SHUNFU METAL
Nimonic 90A | SHUNFU METAL

Aplicaciones de Nimonic 90A (GH4090)

Alabes, Discos y Componentes de Turbina

Alabes de turbina de gas, discos, anillos de soporte, alabes directores (NGV) y secciones de anillo para motores aeronauticos hasta 870 C. SHUNFU METAL suministra barra forjada y disco segun BS HR1/AMS 5829 con ensayos de creep y ultrasonicos certificados por lote.

Muelles de Alta Temperatura

Una de las aleaciones mas especificadas para muelles de compresion y traccion en zona caliente hasta 600 C: muelles de combustor, fuelles de escape, anillos de retencion y clips de sujecion. SHUNFU METAL suministra alambre de 0.44-8.0 mm en temple de muelle y estado solubilizado segun BS HR501/502/503.

Valvulas de Escape de Motor

Valvulas de escape para motores de combustion interna de alto rendimiento y motores diesel marinos. Combinacion de resistencia al calor, corrosion por gases de combustion y fatiga termica en ciclos de apertura/cierre repetitivos. SHUNFU suministra barra de 8-100 mm para mecanizado CNC de valvulas.

Fijaciones y Tornilleria Aeronautica

Pernos, tornillos, esparragos y remaches para servicio en zona caliente de turbinas y sistemas de escape. Resistencia a la relajacion superior a Inconel 718 por encima de 650 C bajo carga sostenida. SHUNFU METAL suministra barra y alambron con propiedades de traccion y dureza verificadas para aplicaciones de fijacion.

Recalentadores de Escape y Herramientas de Trabajo en Caliente

Componentes de recalentadores de turbina de aviacion, utillajes de forja en caliente, matrices de extrusion y mandriles. Resistencia a oxidacion en gases de combustion calientes hasta 920 C. SHUNFU METAL suministra forjas de forma cercana a la final segun plano del cliente.

Fijaciones para Servicio Amargo (NACE MR0175)

Pernos y fijaciones con certificacion NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156-3 para entornos con H2S en extraccion y procesamiento de petroleo y gas. SHUNFU METAL verifica dureza maximo 35 HRC y ensayos de corrosion bajo tension segun NACE TM0177 metodo A.

Suministro de Nimonic 90A por SHUNFU METAL

Barra Redonda, Cuadrada y Hexagonal (AMS 5829 / BS HR1)

Barra laminada en caliente: diametro 8 mm – 100 mm. Barra forjada (ODF): diametro 100 mm – 350 mm. Barra estirada en frio: 3 mm – 25 mm. Longitud: 1000-6000 mm. Estado: solubilizado (1080 C / 8h, temple al aire o agua/aceite) y desbastado (RT), o forja negra. Dureza suministro ≤295 HV. Inspeccion ultrasonica UT A/SAE AMS-STD-2154 Clase AA disponible. Corte a medida y certificados EN 10204 3.1 por colada.

Chapa, Fleje y Cinta (BS HR202)

Chapa laminada en frio: espesor 0.25 mm – 3.0 mm. Chapa laminada en caliente: 3.0 mm – 50 mm. Cinta: 0.05 mm – 1.0 mm. Estado: solubilizado (1100-1150 C / 1-10 min, temple). Acabado superficial brillante (laminado en frio) o decapado. Dureza suministro ≤250 HV. SHUNFU METAL controla el tamano de grano y la textura cristalografica para conformabilidad optima en embuticion y repujado.

Forjas Libres, Anillos y Discos

Discos de turbina forjados, anillos sin soldadura (SRR), ejes, bridas y piezas de forma cercana a la final. Peso maximo unitario: 3000 kg. Forja con inicio a 1150-1200 C y final no inferior a 950 C. SHUNFU METAL aplica homogeneizacion previa a la forja para eliminar segregacion de lingote VIM+ESR. Mecanizado CNC y corte por chorro de agua disponibles.

Alambron, Hilo para Muelles y Soldadura

Alambron estirado en frio: diametro 0.44 mm – 8.0 mm. Estados disponibles: recocido brillante, temple de muelle (spring temper) y solubilizado. Especificaciones: BS HR501 (estirado en frio), BS HR502 (estirado + solubilizado), BS HR503 (insertos roscados). Hilo de soldadura: ERNiCr-3 (Inconel 82) para uniones no criticas; hilo de aportacion coincidente Nimonic 90 para recuperacion total de resistencia. Corte a medida y embalaje en carrete.

Composicion Quimica de Nimonic 90A (AMS 5829 / BS HR1 / GB/T 14992)

Elemento % Min. % Max. Funcion en la aleacion
Niquel (Ni) Bal. ~54-58 Matriz austenitica FCC; base para la precipitacion coherente de gamma prima Ni3(Al,Ti)
Cromo (Cr) 18.0 21.0 Resistencia a oxidacion en caliente; forma capa protectora de Cr2O3 densa hasta 920 C
Cobalto (Co) 15.0 21.0 Elemento distintivo: eleva la temperatura de solvus de gamma prima de ~950 C (Nimonic 80A) a ~985-1010 C; estabiliza γ’ y potencia la resistencia al creep por encima de 750 C
Titanio (Ti) 2.0 3.0 Formador principal de gamma prima (Ni3Ti); junto con Al produce fraccion volumetrica de γ’ ~35-45%
Aluminio (Al) 1.0 2.0 Co-formador de gamma prima (Ni3Al); Al/Ti ~0.5-0.7 garantiza estabilidad termica del precipitado y resistencia a la oxidacion
Hierro (Fe) 1.50 Residual; SHUNFU METAL controla tipicamente <1.0% para preservar estabilidad de la matriz austenitica
Carbono (C) 0.13 Forma carburos M23C6 y MC en bordes de grano; anclaje contra deslizamiento intergranular a alta temperatura
Manganeso (Mn) 0.40 Control de azufre y fluidez durante la fusion VIM
Silicio (Si) 0.80 Desoxidante residual durante fusion
Boro (B) 0.020 Segrega a bordes de grano; retarda nucleacion de cavidades de creep y suprime fractura intergranular
Circonio (Zr) 0.15 Refuerza bordes de grano junto con B; mejora ductilidad en fluencia lenta de larga duracion
Cu / P / S 0.20 / 0.020 / 0.015 Impurezas; estricto control para evitar fragilizacion en caliente y perdida de ductilidad intergranular

Diseno tipico de composicion: Ni~54.5Cr~19.5Co~18.0Ti~2.6Al~1.5 — Al+Ti total ≈ 3.8-4.8%, generando del 35% al 45% de fraccion volumetrica de gamma prima. El ratio Al/Ti ~0.5-0.7 es clave: titanio mayoritario maximiza la resistencia, aluminio asegura estabilidad del precipitado evitando la transformacion a fase η (Ni3Ti hexagonal) por sobreexposicion termica. SHUNFU METAL verifica composicion quimica por OES en cada colada VIM+ESR bajo ISO 9001:2015 y API Q1, con certificados EN 10204 3.1 trazables por numero de colada unico.

Propiedades Mecanicas y Fisicas de Nimonic 90A (GH4090)

Tratamiento termico estandar — Doble envejecimiento segun BS HR1/BS HR2 (barra/forja): (1) Solubilizacion: 1080 C / 8h, temple al aire o agua/aceite (rapidez critica para retener solutos de γ’). (2) Precipitacion: 700 C / 16h, enfriamiento al aire. Este regimen produce distribucion bimodal optima de gamma prima (primaria gruesa + secundaria fina) para maxima resistencia. Para chapa (BS HR202): solubilizacion 1100-1150 C / 1-10 min + temple, estabilizacion opcional 925 C / 1h, envejecimiento 750 C / 4h. SHUNFU METAL registra y certifica curvas tiempo-temperatura de cada hornada en hornos controlados por ordenador.

Propiedad Valor Condicion / Notas
Rm a temperatura ambiente (barra, envejecida) ≥ 1080 MPa BS HR2 / AMS 5829 — minimo requerido; valor tipico 1200-1400 MPa
Rp0.2 a temperatura ambiente (barra, envejecida) ≥ 695 MPa BS HR2 — minimo requerido; valor tipico 800-950 MPa
Alargamiento A5 (barra, envejecida) ≥ 20% BS HR2 — valor tipico 25-35% en barras de diametro <100 mm
Dureza (barra, envejecida) ≥ 310 HV (min 293 HB) Rango tipico 310-375 HV; dureza suministro solubilizado ≤295 HV
Rm a 500 C (barra, envejecida) ~1038 MPa (tipico) Retencion de resistencia excelente a temperatura intermedia
Rp0.2 a 500 C (barra, envejecida) ~672 MPa (tipico) Limite elastico tipico; >85% del valor a temperatura ambiente
Rm a 700 C (barra, envejecida) ~690 MPa (tipico) Alta resistencia conservada en el corazon del intervalo de servicio 650-870 C
Rotura por fluencia 750 C / 1000 h ~240 MPa Muy superior a Nimonic 80A (~180-200 MPa) gracias al Co elevando solvus de γ’
Rotura por fluencia 870 C / 1000 h ~100 MPa Limite superior de servicio continuo bajo carga de creep
Vida a rotura 870 C / 140 MPa ≥ 30 h (minimo) BS HR2 — criterio de aceptacion para aplicaciones de turbina

Propiedades de chapa (BS HR202, envejecida): Rm ≥1080 MPa | Rp0.2 ≥695 MPa | A5 ≥25% (0.45-3.0 mm). Dureza suministro solubilizado ≤250 HV.
Propiedades de alambre para muelles (BS HR501-503): Temple de muelle + envejecido 650 C/4h: Rm 1500-1800 MPa (diametro fino) hasta 1300-1540 MPa (diametro grueso). Temperatura de servicio sostenida hasta 600 C con minima relajacion. SHUNFU METAL verifica resistencia a la traccion y ensayo de enrollamiento en cada lote.
Propiedades a 500 C — chapa (BS HR202, envejecida): Rm ~995 MPa | Rp0.2 ~740 MPa | A5 ~30% — ductilidad practicamente inalterada respecto a temperatura ambiente.

Propiedades fisicas:
• Densidad: 8.18-8.20 g/cm3
• Punto de fusion: 1310-1370 C
• Modulo elastico (E): 213 GPa (20 C) / 185 GPa (538 C)
• Modulo de rigidez (G): 82.5 GPa (20 C)
• Coeficiente de dilatacion termica: 12.7 x 10-6/K (20-100 C); 14.8 x 10-6/K (20-538 C)
• Conductividad termica: 11.5 W/(m-K) a 20 C; 21.8 W/(m-K) a 100 C
• Resistividad electrica: 118 μΩ-cm (20 C)
• No magnetico a todas las temperaturas

Comparativa Nimonic 90A vs Nimonic 80A: La diferencia fundamental radica en el cobalto: Nimonic 90A contiene 15-21% Co frente a ≤2% de Nimonic 80A. Este Co adicional eleva la temperatura de solvus de gamma prima de ~950 C a ~985-1010 C, resultando en superior resistencia a la fluencia lenta por encima de 730 C. En contrapartida, Nimonic 90A es marginalmente mas caro, mas dificil de trabajar en frio, y no es apto para servicio nuclear por activacion de Co60. Para temperaturas ≤730 C o entornos nucleares, Nimonic 80A sigue siendo la opcion mas economica.

Conformabilidad y forja: La forja requiere mas potencia que Nimonic 80A debido a la matriz reforzada con cobalto. Rango de forja: 1050-1200 C, sin bajar de 950 C para evitar agrietamiento. Templado al aire o en agua/aceite inmediatamente tras la forja para suprimir precipitacion de gamma prima durante el enfriamiento.

Soldabilidad y agrietamiento SAC: Nimonic 90A es mas susceptible al agrietamiento por deformacion-envejecimiento (Strain-Age Cracking) que Nimonic 263, pero menos que Rene 41. Se suelda satisfactoriamente con TIG, MIG, SMAW, haz de electrones (EBW) y soldadura por resistencia. Para recuperacion total de resistencia se recomienda hilo de aportacion coincidente Nimonic 90 con resolubilizacion + reenvejecimiento post-soldadura. Para uniones no criticas se admite ERNiCr-3 (Inconel 82). SHUNFU METAL recomienda soldar en condicion solubilizada y evitar combinaciones de alto aporte termico con restriccion rigida.

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